Ecological and Smart Optimization of Green Infrastructure: Case of Bardo Urban Park (Constantine, Algeria)

Abstract

In a global context marked by intensifying environmental challenges, urban infrastructure management must integrate principles of sustainability and intelligence. Urban parks, as multifunctional public spaces, play a vital role in improving urban quality of life and delivering essential ecosystem services (thermal regulation, stormwater management, and biodiversity preservation). This paper focuses on the Bardo Urban Park (Constantine, Algeria) to develop an integrated approach to ecological and smart optimization. The methodology is built on a systemic framework combining environmental certification standards analysis (ISO 14001, HQE²R, LEED, BREEAM, and NBS), field surveys, architectural and technical diagnostics, risk analysis (Failure Mode, Effects, and Criticality Analysis — FMEA), and SWOT analysis. Results reveal contrasting performance: while plant diversity (5/6) and sustainable material use (5/6) are satisfactory, energy efficiency (1/6), water management, accessibility for people with reduced mobility, and waste management exhibit critical deficiencies (FMEA criticality ≥ 12). On this basis, a programmatic optimization guide is proposed around nine strategic axes, integrating smart technologies to transform the park into a sustainable and inclusive green infrastructure.