Development and Validation of a MATLAB-Based FCHEV Simulator Integrating an Equivalent Consumption Minimization Strategy for Energy Management

Abstract

Introduction: This work addresses the need for reliable simulation platforms to analyze and optimize advanced energy management strategies in sustainable transportation. It focuses on the development of a comprehensive simulation environment tailored for Fuel Cell Hybrid Electric Vehicles (FCHEV).Objectives: The primary objective is to develop and validate a robust, modular MATLAB-based simulator for an FCHEV. This includes integrating an enhanced Equivalent Consumption Minimization Strategy (ECMS) for real-time energy management while ensuring component protection and system flexibility.Methods: The simulator integrates multiphysics models of the vehicle's longitudinal dynamics, a PMSM traction motor, a lithium-ion battery, a PEM fuel cell, the transmission, a DC/DC converter, and an inverter. The ECMS algorithm is enhanced with fuel cell power gradient limitations and battery state-of-charge supervision. Validation is performed using the WLTC Class 3b driving cycle, supported by a systematic cross-validation of independent physical quantities to ensure numerical consistency and robustness.Results: The simulator successfully reproduces the complex behavior of the propulsion system. Comprehensive analysis of power flows, battery behavior, fuel cell operation, hydrogen consumption, and overall system efficiency demonstrates high accuracy, physical consistency, and numerical stability throughout the driving cycle.Conclusions: The developed MATLAB-based simulator provides a highly reliable and flexible platform. It proves to be an effective tool for the analysis, evaluation, and optimization of advanced real-time energy management strategies in fuel cell hybrid vehicles.