Practical Implications of Indian Women's Roles in Environmental Movements, Their Impact on Policymaking, and Contributions to the Theoretical Development of Ecofeminism in Literature

Abstract

This paper explores the practical roles played by Indian women in environmental movements and examines their significant impact on policy-making and eco-critical discourse. Through case studies such as the Save the Forest Movement in Jharkhand and the Anti Coca-Cola struggle in Kerala led by Mayilamma, the paper highlights how grassroots activism by women has contributed not only to environmental conservation but also to the theoretical development of ecofeminism in Indian literature. It argues that these movements reflect a deep connection between women and nature, challenging dominant patriarchal and capitalist structures. The paper also discusses how these real-life interventions have influenced literary representations and expanded the scope of ecofeminist thought in India. The analysis extends to the influence of these movements on Indian ecofeminist literature, showing how lived experiences have shaped theoretical frameworks. The study also explores practical implications of the selected movements through policy recommendations advocating for inclusive decision-making, community-led conservation models such as that of the Bishnoi, and the necessity of addressing the gendered dimensions of environmental protest. The paper concludes that the integration of women’s voices and indigenous knowledge is essential for achieving sustainable and equitable environmental policy and practice in India.