Energy-Efficient HVAC Strategies for Enhancing Bio-Safety Standards

Abstract

The design and functioning of HVAC systems play a very important part in the regulation of bio-safety within controlled environments like healthcare centres, laboratories, and cleanrooms. In this article, energy-efficient ways of maximizing bio-safety while minimizing the use of energy in controlled environments are discussed. The article provides an overview of HVAC systems and their use in bio-safety, speaking in terms of levels of bio-safety (BSL) categorization and related HVAC requirements per level. The research highlights energy efficiency in contemporary building systems with cognizance of rivalry between the energy requirements and aggressive bio-safety measures. Major approaches being explored are the application of high-efficiency filtration technology such as HEPA filters and UVGI, effective air flow management via variable air volume (VAV) systems, and energy recovery systems such as HRVs and ERVs. Moreover, the application of smart control systems, sensors, and IoT technologies is researched to minimize the manual operations and eliminate wastage of energy. Their economic and environmental advantages like minimized carbon footprints, cost reduction, and increased system reliability are also explored. Concerns like the massive upfront cost, technological constraints, and complexity in maintenance of advanced HVAC systems are also considered.