IoT – Based Battery Management System for EVs

Abstract

Electric Vehicles (EVs) are gaining widespread adoption due to their positive impact on the environment and cost-effectiveness. Despite these advantages, they still face critical issues such as sudden battery drain and, in rare cases, battery fires, which can affect their reliability and safety. To help mitigate these problems, we have developed a smart Battery Management System (BMS) based on the ESP32 microcontroller and Internet of Things (IoT) technology. This system enables continuous monitoring of essential battery parameters like voltage, current, and temperature in real time. The setup incorporates various sensors, including a B25 voltage sensor, ACS712 current sensor, a flame sensor, MQ2 smoke sensor, and a temperature sensor. These components are connected to the ESP32, which collects and processes the data. The processed information is then transmitted to a mobile application created using MIT App Inventor. Through this app, users can view real-time readings such as voltage, current, and temperature, along with instant alerts in case of smoke or flame detection. The prototype successfully demonstrates remote battery condition monitoring and early fault detection, providing timely notifications of abnormal activity. This solution not only supports better battery performance and lifespan but also greatly enhances the safety of electric vehicles by offering early warning systems and real-time diagnostics