Linear Approach for Determining Optimal DG in Feeder Due to Increased Electric Vehicle Load

Abstract

In the era of artificial intelligence, power distribution is increasingly oriented toward green energy. Advances in various fields, particularly transportation, have played a crucial role in driving economic growth through the mobility of goods and people. However, the transportation sector has long been a major contributor to air pollution due to its reliance on fossil fuels. As a solution to this environmental issue, automotive experts have developed electric vehicles (EVs) to replace conventional vehicles. The rapid growth of EVs, especially in large cities, has impacted power distribution expansion to meet battery charging demands. Many EV charging stations are connected to existing feeders, leading to system overload in power distribution networks. One of the best solutions to address this issue is to inject power from Distributed Generator (DG)-based power plants, particularly those utilizing green energy sources. This paper presents an optimization method for optimal DG to restore overloaded feeders to normal operating conditions. Testing on an extended IEEE 21-node distribution system, expanded to 28 nodes, reveals that after connecting three EV charging stations, the voltage drop increased from 3.891% (existing condition) to 5.01%. The optimization results indicate that placing a DG at node 6 with a capacity of 642.2 kVA can reduce the voltage drop to 4.0%. If the DG with the same capacity is placed outside node 6, the voltage drop will be higher. For example, placing it at node 5 results in a voltage drop of 4.42%.