Transactional Model of Electrical Energy Based on Emerging Technologies

Abstract

Introduction: Electricity is a vital resource today, but its reliance on fossil fuels including oil, coal, and natural gas. raises concerns about potential shortages and energy crises. The conventional centralized, one-way energy transaction system has several disadvantages, including dependence on non-renewable sources, inefficiency, and environmental pollution. Furthermore, it is costly, resistant to change, and faces security challenges and vulnerability to attacks, leading to a lack of transparency in energy transactions. Uncertainty slows the uptake of renewable energy and limits the involvement of small-scale local producers.

Objectives: This research paper proposes a transactional model for electric power based on emerging technologies. This represents a significant advance in the evolution of the current energy system, reducing dependence on centralized energy sources. The proposed model establishes a secure and reliable energy system between multiple agents, thereby reducing vulnerability to potential failures in traditional infrastructure. The elimination of centralized intermediaries and the implementation of emerging technologies guarantee a more reliable and transparent energy transaction system.

Methods: The research development process is divided into four main phases. First, a systematic literature review will be conducted to characterize emerging technologies used in electric power transactions. Next, the model's key components will be identified, analyzed, and integrated to define their roles and interactions. In the third phase, these components will be systematically integrated using the Rational Unified Process (RUP) methodology. Finally, the model will be applied to a test group of five entities, and its performance will be validated through a case study involving multi-agent electricity transactions.

Results: The exploration phase focused on identifying the technologies and components used in electricity transactions through a Systematic Literature Review (SLR). A total of 470 records were initially collected, from which 74 relevant studies were selected after applying inclusion criteria. The findings revealed that Blockchain technology is the most widely used, appearing in 85% of the studies due to its decentralized, secure, and transparent nature. The most common components identified include nodes (82.5%), smart contracts (57.5%), optimization algorithms (40%), and consensus mechanisms (32.5%). These elements were recognized as essential for enabling efficient, secure, and traceable energy transactions within decentralized systems.

Conclusions: The proposed transactional energy model presents an innovative solution to the limitations of traditional centralized systems by leveraging emerging technologies to facilitate decentralized energy generation and distribution. Its implementation in a peer-to-peer (P2P) network of educational and healthcare institutions in Nariño demonstrated strong expert approval, particularly for its security, transparency, and practical viability. The integration of Blockchain enhances trust and traceability, supporting user adoption and providing a foundation for future improvements and broader applications in decentralized energy networks.