Green Transformation in Global Supply Chains and Its Impact on International Trade Competitiveness Analytical Study

Abstract

This article analyses the green transformation of global supply chains and its implications for international trade competitiveness, supported by an empirical case study on A.P. Moller–Maersk covering 2018–2024. The study examines how environmental regulations and sustainability requirements are reshaping competitiveness drivers and influencing firms’ market access. Using the framework of Green Supply Chain Management (GSCM), the article assesses Maersk’s progress in reducing emissions, increasing the share of alternative fuels, and improving operational efficiency. The results show a continuous decline in carbon intensity and significant investment in green technologies, strengthening the company’s ability to comply with emerging environmental trade standards. The findings confirm that green transformation enhances long-term competitiveness and supports alignment with global low-carbon trade trends.