The Operation and Control Strategy of Microgrids: A Brief Review

Abstract

A microgrid is an effective approach for integrating various distributed energy resources to meet local energy demand. It possesses the capability to operate independently or in conjunction with the main utility grid. Typically, a microgrid is a small-scale power system (usually several megawatts or less) comprising three primary components: the ability to function in both grid-connected and islanded modes, distributed power generation sources, and autonomous control centers. Microgrids enhance system resilience by ensuring uninterrupted operation during grid disturbances. Additionally, they are environmentally sustainable and contribute to improved power quality. As a crucial element of modern power systems, microgrids can effectively mitigate peak load demands on the utility grid. The incorporation of renewable energy sources within microgrid frameworks significantly reduces CO₂ emissions. However, achieving optimal performance requires precise control techniques to balance energy supply and demand. This review article provides a comprehensive analysis of microgrid operations and control strategies. The first section examines the fundamental principles of microgrid operation, while the second section evaluates advanced power control strategies, with a particular focus on multi-agent control methods for microgrids.