Assessing Soundscape and Urban Noise Pollution: A Case Study of Liberty Square (Church Square) in Skikda, Algeria

Abstract

The Liberty Square in Skikda is a central urban space characterized by heavy traffic (more than 283 cars per 15 minutes on Av Didouche Mourad, next to the Liberty Square, during peak hours) and social activity. This situation generates noise pollution that can affect users' comfort and detract from the heritage environment. In this context, the present study aims to characterize the square's soundscape using an approach that combines in situ measurements and digital modeling. Acoustic surveys were conducted using a sound level meter at several strategic points within the square, allowing sound pressure levels to be measured in dB(A). These measurements were then compared with the results of a simulation conducted with Olive Tree Lab software, yielding a detailed sound map. The analysis reveals that the highest levels (up to 80 dB(A)) and above are concentrated along the road axes, confirming the dominant role of motor traffic as a source of nuisance. The central area, on the other hand, has moderate levels due to sound dispersion, which is favored by the square's openness. The study concludes that mitigation measures are necessary, including the integration of green barriers, the creation of pedestrian areas, and the reorganization of traffic flows, to improve the sound quality and quality of life in this iconic space.