Improving Recognition Accuracy in Multimodal Biometric Systems: A Study on Facial Traits and Fusion Strategies

Abstract

Multimodal biometric systems are gaining prominence for their ability to enhance recognition accuracy and system security by integrating multiple biometric modalities. This study focuses on improving recognition accuracy through the effective utilization of facial traits and fusion strategies in multimodal systems. Facial traits, including features such as eyes, nose, lips, and chin, offer unique identification markers, but their performance can be hindered by factors like aging, lighting conditions, and variations in pose. To address these challenges, the integration of facial traits with other biometric modalities, such as fingerprints, iris scans, or behavioural biometrics, is proposed. The study explores various fusion strategies—feature-level, score-level, and decision-level—to combine information from multiple modalities effectively. Advanced machine learning techniques, including Support Vector Machines (SVMs) and Neural Networks, are employed to optimize feature extraction and fusion processes. Adaptive learning methods are integrated to ensure the system evolves with dynamic user data, enhancing its robustness and adaptability to real-world conditions. The research identifies key challenges in multimodal biometric systems, such as data security, computational complexity, and ethical concerns, and proposes solutions to mitigate these issues. Experiments conducted on diverse datasets demonstrate significant improvements in recognition accuracy and reduced error rates when employing multimodal biometric fusion. This study also evaluates user perceptions and ethical considerations surrounding multimodal systems, emphasizing the importance of privacy, transparency, and compliance with data protection regulations. By leveraging the complementary strengths of facial traits and other biometric modalities, the proposed system achieves enhanced accuracy and reliability, making it suitable for applications in secure authentication, identity verification, and access control. The findings contribute to advancing biometric technologies, paving the way for robust and user-friendly multimodal systems in a variety of real-world scenarios