Climate Change Challenges the Wetland Resource in Nigeria: Significant Impacts on Hydrology and Biogeochemistry of Aquatic Ecosystem

Abstract

The Hadejia-Nguru Wetlands represent a complex and dynamic landscape where human activities and natural processes intersect. These wetlands' integrity and functionality are heavily dependent on hydrological conditions, particularly the surrounding water table. The present study aim to determine the climate change challenges the wetland resource in Nigeria: significant impacts on hydrology and biogeochemistry of the aquatic ecosystem. Borehole sampling and logging across the wetlands provided data on soil stratigraphy, while water quality was assessed by measuring parameters such as temperature, total dissolved solids, dissolved oxygen, pH, and turbidity. Results indicate that the wetlands maintain a generally alkaline water environment (pH 9.45) with an average temperature of 16.61°C, conducive to the survival of various aquatic species. The dissolved oxygen level averaged 4.97 mg/L, supporting moderate aquatic life, while the turbidity levels showed significant variability, with a mean of 108.67 NTU. The study area is further characterized by warm climate conditions, with an average environmental temperature of 30.62°C and moderate humidity levels at 55.51%. This study highlights the critical role of the Hadejia-Nguru Wetlands in supporting both ecological diversity and local human activities. However, it also underscores the impact of human activities on water quality, which could threaten the ecological balance. Conservation programs aimed at protecting and restoring wetland habitats are recommended to preserve biodiversity and ensure the sustainability of ecosystem services.