Kookaburra Node Aware Trustable and Enhanced Clustering and Routing in Mobile Ad Hoc Networks

Abstract

Researchers have created a wide range of Mobile Ad-hoc Networking (MANET) protocols to take advantage of the special communication opportunities that these devices present as a result of the growing availability and popularity of mobile wireless devices. Mobility awareness and energy efficiency are viewed as two key benefits in MANETs, where nodes periodically visit every path, limiting battery life and resulting in frequent topology modifications. This paper presents a Kookaburra Node Aware Trustable and Enhanced Clustering (KNATEC) for optimal routing in MANET. The clustering is proceeding with hierarchical clustering for generating node clusters. The cluster head selection is completed by using the Enhanced Kookaburra Optimization Algorithm (EKOA). The initial node detection is completed by developing the authentication technique that will authenticate the cluster heads. After that, a trust-based routing protocol (TRP) is obtained to identify and isolate both faulty and misbehaving nodes. This also assists in detecting common misbehavior attacks like Sybil and wormholes. After that, efficient routing is obtained by using EKOA. The proposed method is implemented in NS2, and performance is evaluated by performance measures of energy consumption, end-to-end delay, throughput, average delay, loss ratio, and packet delivery ratio. The proposed method is compared with the conventional routing process.