Fungal Diseases in Rice Crops (Oryza Sativa L.) In Daule Canton, Guayas Province

Abstract

The research was carried out in the rural parishes: Laurel, Juan Aguirre Bautista, Los Lojas and Limonal, belonging to the Daule canton, province of Guayas; it is worth mentioning that the canton is known as the rice capital of Ecuador, because it covers the largest cultivated agricultural area. The main objective was to establish a diagnosis of the fungal diseases with the highest incidence at the research site. The specific objectives were: to carry out a baseline diagnosis of rice crop producers; determine fungal diseases of greater incidence with Koch's postulates; and, to make a caloric map of the farms affected by fungal diseases. The research is non-experimental, therefore, it does not have treatments, since the data were obtained by taking samples extracted in the field and analyzed in the laboratory using Koch's postulates, in order to identify the causal agent of the predominant diseases of the research sector. In the microscopic evaluation carried out in the laboratory, the presence of phytopathogens such as: Rhizoctonia solani, fusarium oxysporum and Aspergillus flavus was evidenced, resulting in the disease of sheath blight as the most predominant due to its high incidence in the study area. With the elaboration of the caloric map, the presence and incidence of fungal diseases is evidenced, with the causative agent Rhizoctonia solani being the most predominant in the study area. Constant monitoring in the field is considered one of the most effective strategies for the control of fungal diseases in the crop, since in this activity the possible effects that may develop in the different stages of the crop are evaluated.