Factors Influencing the Violation Intentions of Pedestrians, Motorcycle Riders, and Car Drivers at Midblock Crosswalks

Abstract

Traffic rule violations at midblock crosswalks by road users are a critical road safety issue, particularly in developing countries like Thailand. This study aims to explore the factors that influence the intentions behind these violations. Data were collected from 500 pedestrians, 300 motorcycle riders, and 350 car drivers through a questionnaire survey based on the theory of planned behavior (TPB). To assess the validity, reliability, and consistency of the factors, confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was employed, followed by structural equation modeling (SEM) to examine the factors influencing the intentions to violate traffic rules. The results indicated that attitude was the key predictor of pedestrians’ intentions to cross outside the designated crosswalks. Subjective norms were most influential for motorcycle riders, while perceived behavioral control significantly affected car drivers’ intentions to not yield to pedestrians. Moreover, the study found that raised platforms and signalized crosswalks have significantly increased pedestrians’ and drivers’ compliance with traffic rules compared to zebra crossings. These findings suggest that effective road safety interventions could include altering road users’ attitudes through licensing programs and road safety campaigns. The subjective norm can communicate the dangers and consequences of traffic rule violations. Traffic engineering measures (e.g., lane narrowing) and strict law enforcement by police officers (e.g., surveillance cameras, license plate recognition cameras) should be used to enhance perceived behavioral control.