The Impact of Technology in Learning and Teaching: A Critical Review

Abstract

Technology has revolutionized learning through the integration of data and communication technology, yet persistent research gaps remain in understanding its impact. While numerous studies exist, variations in methodology challenge the assessment of technology's effectiveness across educational contexts. Beyond student performance, technology influences teacher practices, curriculum design, and institutional policies, though research often focuses on isolated aspects, neglecting the holistic impact. The digital divide further exacerbates socioeconomic disparities in access to technology, necessitating research on equitable access strategies. Gaps persist in understanding teacher readiness and ongoing professional development in technology integration. Longitudinal research is crucial for uncovering technology's lasting impact on student learning and evolving teaching practices. Investigating pedagogical shifts facilitated by technology, such as flipped classrooms and personalized instruction, is essential for understanding its transformative potential. This study critically examines technology's role in improving learning outcomes and teaching methodologies, emphasizing both benefits and challenges. Through a comprehensive review of literature and empirical studies, it aims to provide insights into effective technology integration for optimizing the teaching and learning experience.