Framework of an Implementation Strategy for a Modular Construction Toolkit Design in Construction Companies

Abstract

This paper presents a production flow-oriented framework for measuring and enhancing productivity in construction projects. Departing from traditional resource-based approaches, the proposed framework integrates value stream mapping with advanced simulation techniques and real-world data acquisition to comprehensively assess process performance. The simulation model employs a Monte Carlo method, incorporating lognormal distributions to generate realistic process durations for key construction activities. This approach effectively captures both central tendencies and variability while preventing the occurrence of unrealistically short process times. Data were collected from an actual construction site in Munich, where piles were constructed using Kelly drilling machines with a diameter of 50 cm and a depth of 12 m, followed by reinforcing and concreting. On-site measurements were obtained via manual recording and automated sensor technologies, including camera-based monitoring and data from construction equipment. The simulated and measured process times were compared using density graphs and statistical indicators. This showed that some of the processes are very similar to the reference processes but that there are also significant differences in variability and durations. These findings highlight the necessity for process-specific productivity benchmarks and underscore the importance of a flexible, production flow-oriented approach that can be adopted to the unique operational requirements of individual companies. The framework provides a robust tool for productivity assessment and offers practical insights for optimizing construction processes and reducing schedule variability.