Health Insurance and Access Policy for the Lower-Class Community in Obtaining Healthcare Services in Bandar Lampung City, Indonesia

Abstract

National Health Insurance (JKN) is tasked with the responsibility of providing access to healthcare services for all citizens through Badan Penyelenggara Jaminan Sosial (BPJS/Social Security Agency) policy in Indonesia. Therefore, this research aimed to analyze the impact of BPJS Kesehatan policy on the access of the lower-class community to healthcare services. A survey method was used in the lower-class community and analyzed quantitatively and qualitatively. The results showed that (a) BPJS policy facilitated ease of access to healthcare services but the process was not free for the community, (b) access was provided to basic and referral healthcare services without achieving equitable and high-quality standards for citizens, (c) the existence of differentiated services based on VIP, as well as Classes 1, 2, and 3 indicated the effects of some healthcare policies on financial capability, and (d) Services in Community Health Center (Puskesmas) and hospitals were affordable for low-income population in terms of cost, social support, and physical accessibility.