Comparative Analysis of PI and PID Speed Controllers for Brushless DC Motors

Abstract

Brushless DC (BLDC) motors are widely valued for their high efficiency, superior torque performance, and ability to operate without mechanical brushes, combining the benefits of DC power with reduced maintenance. Effective speed regulation is essential for these motors due to their broad operational speed range. Evaluating a speed controller’s performance requires careful consideration of factors such as inrush current, startup torque, acceleration time, and transient response. Among the most common control strategies are PID (Proportional-Integral-Derivative) controllers and fuzzy PI (Proportional-Integral) controllers, each offering distinct advantages in terms of complexity, adaptability, and precision. This study proposes and compares both PI and fuzzy PI-based speed control methods for BLDC motors. A detailed simulation framework is developed to evaluate their dynamic performance under varying conditions. Furthermore, a comparative analysis highlights the strengths and limitations of each approach, demonstrating their practical suitability for enhancing motor efficiency and responsiveness in real-world applications.