Development and Optimization of Grain Storage Composites Using Crop Residues: A Study on Physical Performance Improvement

Abstract

This study explores the development of sustainable agro-composite materials for enhancing grain storage, particularly in resource-limited areas. The composites, made from agricultural residues such as bagasse, wood sawdust, paddy straw, and mustard husk, were reinforced with epoxy resin and silica fillers. Thirty-six samples were prepared by varying the residue and epoxy resin content, while maintaining constant amounts of silica and hardener. The composites were evaluated for physical properties including water absorption, dry density, and dimensional stability. Among the samples, the T32 composite, consisting of 600 g wood sawdust, 100 g silica, and 100 ml hardener, showed promising results at a cost of ₹25.2 per kg, lower than steel bins. A strong correlation between the residue-epoxy ratio and weight density was observed in paddy straw composites, yielding high R² and adjusted R² values. Uncertainty analysis was also performed to assess the accuracy of the research. This study demonstrates the potential of agro-waste composites as cost-effective, biodegradable, and sustainable alternatives for grain storage, aligning with circular economy principles.