Investigating the Commercial Surrogacy Sector in Mumbai: Trends, Challenges, and Dynamics

Abstract

The commercial surrogacy sector in Mumbai has emerged as a complex and controversial phenomenon within the realm of assisted reproductive technologies (ART), driven by rising infertility rates, changing societal norms, and the increasing acceptance of alternative family structures. Despite India's relatively low medical costs and advanced healthcare infrastructure, the industry faces significant challenges, including a lack of comprehensive legal protections for surrogate mothers and intended parents. Ethical dilemmas arise as many surrogate mothers enter agreements out of financial necessity, leading to concerns about informed consent and potential exploitation. The commodification of reproductive labor raises critical questions regarding the moral implications of treating surrogacy as a market-driven enterprise. Additionally, socio-economic disparities between intended parents and surrogate mothers complicate the dynamics of surrogacy arrangements. As the COVID-19 pandemic has further disrupted the industry, highlighting its vulnerabilities, there is an urgent need for robust regulatory measures that prioritize the rights and well-being of all parties involved. This study aims to critically examine these multifaceted dimensions of commercial surrogacy in Mumbai, contributing to ongoing dialogues about ethical practices and legal reforms in this evolving landscape.