Impact of Agricultural Pollution on Groundwater Quality: A Hydrogeochemical Approach

Abstract

The expansion of agricultural activities has led to growing concerns about the contamination of groundwater resources, especially the intensive use of fertilizers and pesticides. This study evaluates the impact of these practices on groundwater quality from a hydrogeochemical approach. Sampling was carried out in intensive agricultural areas and physical-chemical parameters such as nitrates, phosphates, electrical conductivity and pH were analyzed. The results show elevated concentrations of nitrates, above the limits established by the WHO, as well as alterations in the natural ionic balance of water. The hydrogeochemical analysis allowed the identification of the predominant pollution processes related to agricultural activity. It is concluded that there is a direct influence of intensive agriculture on the degradation of groundwater quality, with significant implications for public health and the sustainability of the resource.