Integrating Green HRM, Competencies, and Leadership for Sustainable Organizational Performance: A Systematic Review

Abstract

This study aims to review and analyses 24 research articles related to the implementation of Green Human Resource Management (GHRM), green competencies, leadership, and innovation in driving sustainable performance. The selected studies span various sectors, including manufacturing, healthcare, energy, education, and small and medium enterprises (SMEs), utilizing both quantitative and qualitative approaches. The findings reveal that GHRM practices such as green recruitment, green training, environmentally focused performance evaluations, and green compensation significantly influence employee behaviour toward environmentally friendly practices. Furthermore, individual green competencies are proven to enhance green innovation and awareness of environmental and social responsibility.

Transformational leadership and a sustainability-driven organizational culture play a critical role in amplifying the impact of GHRM on organizational performance. Several studies also highlight that environmentally conscious workplace design supports the development of adaptive skills and sustainable behaviour.

In conclusion, the strategic integration of GHRM, leadership, innovation, and organizational culture significantly contributes to achieving long-term sustainability across diverse industries. The practical implications of this review encourage HR managers and policymakers to embed green values into HR and leadership processes. Future research is recommended to further explore mechanisms and optimal strategies to strengthen the contribution of GHRM in meeting organizational sustainability goals.