Frequency Control of Islanded Microgrids Using a Hybrid Grey Wolf and Cuckoo Search Optimized Tilt Integral Derivative Controller

Abstract

This research presents a novel approach for frequency control in an islanded AC Microgrid (MG) system, which integrates multiple renewable energy sources such as solar and wind energy. Variations in the output of these renewable sources can cause fluctuations in both frequency and power within the microgrid. To address these disturbances, a suitable controller is necessary. In this study, a Tilt Integral Derivative (TID) controller is designed for the microgrid, with its parameters optimized and tuned using a novel hybrid Grey Wolf and Cuckoo Search (HGW-CS) algorithm to mitigate these fluctuations. The proposed microgrid consists of various distributed generation (DG) sources, including a Diesel Engine Generator (DEG), Flywheel Energy Storage System (FESS), Battery Energy Storage System (BESS), Micro Turbine (MT), Fuel Cell (FC), and Aqua-electrolyze (AE), all working together to meet the load demand. The performance of the novel HGW-CS-based TID controller is evaluated under different scenarios, demonstrating its robustness and superior performance even in adverse conditions. All simulations were conducted in MATLAB, and the results indicate that the proposed controller outperforms conventional controllers in terms of stability and response to disturbances.